法律翻译采用什么样的翻译方法
法律翻译采用以下方法:
第一、变异译法?
有时,一种语言中用一个词表达模糊概念,可在翻译时却用另一种语言的非对等词来表达相同的模糊概念,这就是模糊变异译法。在法律英语中,有时出现具有虚指作用的数词,这时可采用此法翻译,例如:?
The state constitution provides that it is lawful for the citizens to carry guns. In recent years hundreds and hundreds of innocent people have died of this and one need not look for a lesson.?
该州宪法规定,公民携带枪支是合法的,正因为如此,最近几年成千上万的无辜的人惨遭身亡,教训历历在目。?
Hundred and hundreds of 的意思是“几百”,这里译作“成千上万”,这里模糊变异译法。
第二、省略法?
Mr. Justice Douglas rejected the death penalty because it was administered in such a way as to discriminate against unpopular minorities.?
大的法官道格拉斯先生则是由于执行死刑的方式方法歧视不得人心的少数人所以才反对死刑。?
Such 在英语中是个模糊词语,意思是“这样的”,这里没有翻译出来。?
第三、对等译法?
语义虽然存在模糊性,而且英汉两种语言中词语的模糊性也不尽相同,但这并不妨碍这两种不同语言之间的直译。事实上,在有些情况下,尤其是在法律文件起草人可能是有意使.用模糊词语时,我们可以采取模糊对等翻译,即用一种语言的模糊词语去翻译另一种语言的模糊词语。例如:?
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”?
“我们合众国的人民,为了组建一个更为完善的联邦;树立公正;保障国内安宁;建立***同的国防;增进一般福利;以及为我们自己和我们的后代确保自由的赐福;特为美利坚合众国制定并确立本宪法。”?
英语中的“perfect”,“common”,“general”三个模糊词语,译成“完善的”、“***同的”、“一般的”。?
If a sentence of imprisonment is imposed, there are limits on the term of imprisonment — not more than six months or less than three years.?