怎样区分一个句子用副词还是形容词?

1、形容词的句法功能与位置

形容词修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态,在句子中主要用作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。

1)用作定语

形容词作定语时,有时要前置,有是要后置。大体有以下几种情况:

(1)大多数的单个形容词作前置定语,它总是在限定词之后,如:

This is an interesting story book.

The old man was too weak to take his usual walk.

(2)当形容词本身带有较长后置修饰语时,这些形容词短语要后置。如:

It is a problem difficult to solve.(这是个难解决的问题。)

He has a house larger than yours.(他有一座比你大的房子。)

There was only one man capable of lending him 200 pounds.(只有一个人能借给他200英镑。)

(3)当被修饰的词是合成不定代词时,形容词要后置。如:

There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.

Why don’t you read something easier?

(4)同表示数量的词组连用时,形容词要放在名词之后。如:

They dug a canal 3 meters deep and 10 meters wide.(他们挖了一条3米深、10米宽的的水道。)

This is a river two hundred miles long.

(5)由and / or 连接的并列形容词有时后置。如:

He suggested a method both economical and practical.(他提出了一个既经济又切实可行的方法。)

All men ,rich or poor, are equal before law.(所有的人,不论贫富,在法律面前是平等的。)

(6)enough作定语时,既可前置,又可后置。如:

They took enough food / food enough to last them a week.(他们带了够一个星期吃的食物。)

Are there enough desks / desks enough for all the students?

(7)一些表语形容词用作定语时,只能后置。常见的这类形容词有:alive, awake, asleep, present等。如:

He is the only man alive / awake.(他是唯一活着/醒着的人。)

All the people present got up to leave.(所有到场的人都起身走了。)

(8)几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,通常按下列顺序排列:限定词——描绘性形容词——大小——形状——年龄——颜色——国籍——原料——用途——名词中心词。如:

There is a huge round wooden table in the room.(房间里有一张大的圆木桌。)

Here are some beautiful fresh white roses.(这儿有一些漂亮新鲜的白玫瑰。)

It is a tall gray Victorian building.(这是一座高大的维多利亚时期的灰色建筑。)

2.用作表语

形容词作表语要用在连系动词之后。常见的连系动词有:appear, be, become, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, seen, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。如:

The weather is getting quite warm.(天气变的相当暖和。)

The old man went mad.(那位老人疯了。)

It seems probable that I’ll be sent abroad next year.(看来我明年有可能被派往国外。)

其中有些感官的连系动词,如feel,sound,taste,smell,其后跟形容词作表语,它们表示“(东西)给人某种感觉”,这是用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

This sheet feels wet .(这床单摸起来是湿的。)

The dinner smells good.( 这饭菜味道很香。)

我们还要注意,英语中有些形容词是以— ly 结尾,我们容易把它们误认为是副词,如lovely(可爱的),lonely(孤独的),lively(活泼的),friendly(爱好的),orderly(有序的),motherly(母亲般的)等。如:

She looks lovely.(她看起来很可爱。)

They have been friendly with each other for many years.

3)用作宾词补足语

形容词作宾词补足语,一般紧跟着宾语后,它与宾词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:

Toothache kept me awake the whole night.(牙疼使我彻底未眠。)

I’ve never seen you so cheerful.

I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.

4)用作状语

形容词作状语,表示意义上的增补,和句子的主语的逻辑上的主谓关系,它可以放在句子前面,也可放在句子后部,间或插在主语后面。如:

Greatly interested, I asked him how he played the new instrument .(大感兴趣之下,我问他这新乐器怎么弹。)

She girl, surprised at the sight, didn’t know what to say.(那姑娘看到这景象很是吃惊,不知道说什么好。)

作句子状语(或称独立成分)的形容词,多放在句子前头。如:

Strange to say, no one was hurt.(说也奇怪,没有人受伤。)

He may be late. Worse still, he may not come at all.(他可能会迟到。更糟糕的是,他可能压根儿就不来了。)

2.副词的句法功能与位置

副词按其词汇意义和句法功能,可分为下列几种:1)方式副词(如warmly, quickly, gladly等);2)程度副词(如almost, nearly, completely等);3)时间副词(如already, soon, today等);4)频度副词(如always, never, often等);5)地点副词(如here, anywhere, above等);6)疑问副词(如where, when, how, why等);7)关系副词(如where, when, why等);8)连接副词(如therefore, however, otherwise等)。副词的作用主要是作状语,有时用来作定语、表语、宾词补足语等。

1)用作状语

副词作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,或者修饰整个句子。它们的位置有下面几种:

(1)地点副词、方式副词和多数的时间副词放在所修饰动词的后面,或放在句末(宾词或状语之后)。如:

I remember having seen him somewhere.

They received the visitor coldly.

They will fly to Shanghai tomorrow.

(2)频度副词通常放在实义动词前面;如果句子中有助动词或动词be,则放在这些动词后面。如:

I seldom got a chance to read .(我很少得到看书的机会。)

She is always thinking of others .

Our monitor is always the first to come to class.

(3)修饰形容词和副词的程序副词,一般放在被修饰之前。如:

We were very lucky to find you here.

Can you explain it more simply?

程度副词enough 要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如:

It’s warm enough to swim today.

He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train.

(4)疑问副词、连接副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的开头。如:

Where did you study medicine?

I’ll tell you why you have to study Enlist grammar.

Luckily, she was in when I called.

Surprisingly ,she has married again.

其他一些副词特别强调时,也可放在句首。如:

Recently I haven’t been feeling very well.(最近我感到身体不大舒服。)

Indoors it was nice and warm.(室内非常暖和舒服。)

Usually I’m very careful.(通常我是非常小心的。)

2)用作定语

副词(主要是地点副词和时间副词)作用定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后。如:

The meeting yesterday lasted more than three hours.

Life here is full of joy.(室内非常暖和舒服。)

On my way home, I met groups of Young Pioneers.

We had to get off and take the bus behind.(我们只得下车,换乘后面的巴士。)