求八年级下英语课程纲要

would rather sb to do

Achieve in ..exam 得分

be like 像

Enable sb to do 使。。。。能

Expect sb to do

At (a)speed of ... Speed up 加速 speed down 减速

Take ...as an example 把.....作为例子

Be in handcaff 戴手铐

there be sb doing

protect .... from 保护…免受…的伤害

........so that (目的) ...can(could ,may , might, )

be on 正在放

it's + 段 + since 从句（过去式） 自从.....

Tell A from B 分辨A和B

Raise voice 提高嗓音

Be in favour of 支持..

Get sb.to do sth.(使、劝某人做某事)

Allow sb to do

Sb be allowed to do

Be familiar with 对....熟悉

be familiar to sb ....为....所熟悉

Instead of (doing )sth

Play bridge

Get needles 注射

On the whole 总体上

同(反)义词组

soon=before long

Nobody (nothing)but = only

in order to do = so as to do

prefer= not better

With the help of = Thanks to

There be little ..=be out of ..=run out of =used up

Known =heard about (of)

What's ...like ? = How is....?

How do you like ...? =What do you think of ...?

Among (Of) all the sth.(sb.)

Borrow sth from =lend sth to sb

Don't know = have no idea

A do ... So does B=Both A and B do=Not only A but also B does (就近)= A as well as B (就远)

Don't stop doing = still v. on

Like sth very much 反：don't like sth at all

Be able to do= can do = manage to

Start（出发）= set out(for) = set off

set up = build

Hurry（v.n.） hurry to do sth (hurry aboard)= do sth in a hurry = do sth hurriedly

be busy with sth=be busy doing sth

since (既然)= now that

do harm to = be harmful to = be bad for

be proud of = take pride in

All year around = the whole year

数词 more +n.(在一个。。) = another 数词 n.

On one's own = alone

In addition = besides 此外

How to deal with = what to do with;what to do = how to do it

Collect sb from = pick sb up from

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.喜欢做这件事而不喜欢做那件事”

make\get\have sth. Done 使某事被做、请别人做某事

Ought to do = should

A piece of cake = a small case

at a time = sometimes

Lend sb a helping hand = give sb a helping hand = do sb a favour 帮....一个忙

语法

三餐饭不加冠词 前有定语修饰可数(have a big dinner)

The序数词+to do (动词不定式作定语)

it 作为形式宾语 (we found it difficult to learn English well）

the 比+the比 越.....越

一件事不加the ,地方+the(sit at table 就餐sit at the table坐在桌边)

数量+of the (my ,their等) （two hundred of the students）

一件事，一笔钱，一段时间 谓语动词用单数

句子谓语动词单复看分数后的名词的单复

主：See,hear ,notice ,find,watch+doing 被：sb be made(等）to do

much ,far ,a lot ,a little, a bit ,even, still +比较级

Look ,sound ,smell , taste , feel + adj

Ever 跟最高级 never 跟比较级（He is the strongest person l have ever seen）

doing sth all the morning (过去进行时)

Be going to do (打算，趋势) Will do 客观将来

by + 过去的时间（过去完成时，had+p.p）

Keep ,mind ,admit(承认),practise ,enjoy，feel like,excuse for, be busy ,suggest,finish ,miss ,consider,be worth (值得)+ doing

隐形否定词never,hardly,few,no-,little,seldom,rarely.

so 代词 ，指代上文的一件事

Be made of = consist of (无被动语态)

Take place ,happen (无被动语态)

职位前不加 the （monitor of class）

主语和宾语是同一个事物时，宾语用反身代词

Help,life ,time 本身不可数，前有定语修饰可数

everybody，somebody等用“he”指代

人称顺序：you , he , l we , you , they

推测：must be , can't be , may be

At dawn,night ,noon,dusk(黎明，夜晚，中午，黄昏）

-ple ,-ble -tle 变成副词去e 加y，其他的只有true要去e加ly

Hero,tomato ,potato,mango+es

Human,walkman,German +s

只有forty 要去u ,ninth 要去e,

使役动词：have ，let ,make sb do

therefore, however, nonetheless, hence, otherwise, besides, moreover等连接副词时，它们不能用作连词来连接两个并列分句 ，不用逗号

句子中有逗号，没有从属连词，主从复合句，并列句，逗号后的表示伴随的动作（用doing的形式）

区别

any other +n.(前者包括在后者的范围内) any （前者不包括在后者的范围内）

mostly 大多数 几乎：almost (肯，否) nearly（否）

keep sth open ,closed

open (v. adj.) close (v.) closed (adj.)

....until (延续性动词) not....until (短暂性)

Nothing（无所指，什么都没有） none(有所指，所指的东西没有)

Leave 忘东西 Forget 忘事情

Business 生意（U）公司（C）

Reach（vt） +sp reach 触及，遍及

Search for 目的(人、物) Search +sp

Such a(n) adj n. So adj. a n so + many ,much ,few ,little

Still ,only ,just + a few (a little) very ,so,too + little(few)

上车 get on 反:get off 上小轿车（car,taxi）get into ,get out of

Diary 日记 dairy 牛奶房

check in 登记 check on 检查

Lie (躺，位于)-lay - lain

lie (说谎)- lied-lied

Lay - laid, laid

Lonely （adj）孤独的（人） 荒凉的（地方） alone（adv）

Exercise （锻炼）不可数 （书面练习）可数

Raise 提高；筹集；养育；升起（vt）+ 宾语 rise上升；增强；起立；高耸 (vi) + 介宾

On the top of 在....上方（不在后者范围内） at the top of 在...上部（在后者范围内）

Join 加入人群组织 join in = take part in 参加活动比赛 attend = go to 参加会议，讲座，俱乐部，学校（meeting，lecture，club，school） enter for报名参加某个项目Take an exam 参加考试

A number of (many many ) + 名复 the number of + 名单

used to do sth.（过去常常做）be used to (doing) sth.（习惯于做某事）be used to do sth.，be used for doing sth是被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”。

remember doing sth. 表示“记得过去做过的某事”；remember to do sth. 表示“记得要去做某事”

forget doing sth. 表示“忘记曾做过某事”；forget to do sth. 表示“忘记去做某事”

regret doing sth. 表示“对过去做过的某事感到后悔”； regret to do sth. 表示“对未做或正在做的事情表示遗憾”

stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do sth. 表示“停止正在做的事情，而去做另一件事”

try doing sth. 表示“尝试做某事”； try to do sth. 表示“设法做某事，尽力去做”

mean doing sth. 表示“意味着、意思是”； mean to do sth. 表示“打算、想要”

hope通常用来表示一种相信可以达到的“希望”。wish通常用来表示一种不易达到的“愿望”，或在作这种愿望时并未想到有无可能性。

Fun (n.)乐趣(c) funny (adj.)滑稽的 what fun ...!= how funny....!

Time ：on time 准时 in time 及时 at a time = sometimes at a certain time 某时 at no time 从不

就近：not only.....but also 不但...而且Either...or ..(二居一)Neither....nor....（或者....或者）

Look up 查阅,look around 游览；到处察看；到处寻找,look at ,look after照顾,look back回顾；回头看 ,look forward 期待；盼望, look into ,look over ,look though浏览，温习；看穿，识破；从…中显露, look up to 尊敬

For (双宾语)buy , make , get

In + 范围 , of + 具体事物

单词拓展

now and then = sometimes for the time being 暂时 sometimes 有时 sometime 某时 some time 某段时间 some times 几次

death （n.） 死亡dying （adj.） 垂死的 dead （adj.）已死的 (die-died)

One ...the other (one's other) some.....others one ....another ....the third(the other) Some....others....still others...

Sign (v.) signature(n.)

ambition（n.） ambitious(adj.)

responsible(adj) responsibility(n.)

exist (v.) existence (n.)

Long(adj.) length (n.)

relax（v.） relaxation(n.)

Tour(n.)旅游 tourist(n.)旅游者 tourism (n.) 旅游业

serve(v.) servant(n.)仆人 service（n）服务

confident（a dj) confidence (n.)自信

decide(v.) decision (n.)

Trouble : be in trouble 处于困难之中

Get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困难之中

Have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难

Please (v.) please do sth please (adj) 高兴的 反：displeased pleasant（adj.） 令人愉快的 pleasure（n. ）快乐displeasure （n） 不愉快；不满意

Take place 发生 take away 拿走 take up 从事 take care of 照顾 turn over 翻身

Go around 绕着走,go off(电等)中断，停止，突然响起 ,go out 出去；潮)退，(灯) 熄，终止；go over复习，重温；仔细检查；go on 继续

Hope that +从句；hope to do ; hope sth

Wish that + 从句；wish to do;wish for doing;wish sb to do ;wish sb sth

Turn on,off 开，关 turn over 翻身turn up , down 调高，低 turn in 上交

Carry (无方向性)承载 take 拿走 bring带来

Make

一 做使役动词用：

1.Make sb adj

2.Sb made sb do sth

二 做实义动词用：

1.Made sth adv(made作谓语)

2.Make sth to do

3.make做实义动词用时的一些固定搭配的词组。

1 be made of...，由......构成。（看得出原材料）

2 be made from...,由......做成。(看不见原材料)

3 be made in...,在......地方制造。

4 make sb. sth./ make sth. for sb. 为某人做某事。（make后面带双宾语）

与名词连用的常用词组：

a.to make a law/rule. 制定法律/法规。

b.to make a mistake.犯错误。

c.to make a guess.猜一下。

d.to make a comment/ statement.发表评论/声明。

e.to make a suggestion. 提出建议。

f.to make progress.取得进步。

g.to make a dicision.（decide）做决定。

h.to make an appointment.约定。

i.to make a speech.做演讲。

“花费”

1 It takes sb. time to do sth.

2 sth. costs sb. time/money.

3 sb. pay money for sth.

4 sb. spend time/money (in)doing sth.& sb.spend time/money on sth.

回答

—Could l ....? （表示语气婉转）—Yes,you can.

——Would you mind doing...?

——Of course not.

——Not at all.

——Certainly not.(不介意)

——Sorry，....（介意）

——I'm sorry ....

——It doesn't matter(That's all right.)

反意疑问句：

此句式中，前面部分是否定的；后面部分是肯定的。关于yes和no的翻译要相反（像这种句式的翻译，还有一种句型也是这样,那就是否定疑问句。）

特殊用法：

以下几种由情态动词构成的反意疑问句，不能简单地用情态动词来反问：

1 He must be a doctor，isn't he? 他肯定是个医生，不是吗？

Yes, he is. 是的，他是。

No, he isn't. 不，他不是。

2 You must finish your homeword first,needn't you? 你首先必须完成作业，不必吗？

Yes, I must. 是的，我必须完成。

No, I needn't. 不，我不必完成。

3 You must have finished reading this book last night, didn't you?

你昨晚一定是读完了这本书，不是吗？

Yes, I did. 是的，我读完了。

No, I didn't. 不，我没读完。

4 That can't be true, is it? 那不可能是真的，是吗？

Yes, it is.不，那是真的。

No, it isn't. 是的，那不是真的

5. I'm ......, aren't I

宾语从句，看主句。但是 l think ,I believe 要看从句（believe/think这两个实义动词后面的宾语从句，如果是否定的，那么要将否定部分前移：即在主句部分否定，而从句部分用肯定。hope不能用动词不定式做宾补，也不能在宾语从句中将否定部分前移。）否点前移主要用词：think, believe, suppose, guess, imagine等，但hope不是。

数字

Cardinal numbers 基数词

Ordinal numbers 序数词

Decimals 小数

Percentages 百分数

Factions 分数

Even numbers 偶数

Odd numbers 奇数

（加）Add ...and.....= ...plus ...

（减）Subtract 小数from 大数 = 大数minus 小数

（乘）multiply ...by ....= time ....by...

（除）divide 9 by 3(9除以3)

（等于）equal

addition 加法

subtraction减法

3 .multiplication乘法

4 .division除法