求翻译!!!
1. International business negotiations, how to master the language, non-verbal communication and the relationship between culture, achieve a healthy communication, business people is a compulsory subject.
2. Language is a tool for communication is the carrier of culture; Nonverbal communication is the language added. People in the communication process, focusing on communication and language often overlook non-verbal communication as the transmission of messages to the important position. This paper from the two areas to explore business contacts in Nonverbal Communication and the importance of double-edged.
3.19 century British anthropologist Taylor (Edward Lab) in the "primitive culture," a book, to a culture where a more classic definition : "Culture is a complex, which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, ethics, customs and as a member of society and obtain any other capabilities and habits. "TAC is the process of international people use language knowledge and social and cultural knowledge of the process of information transfer, So learn the language and understand the language to reflect the cultural background knowledge are inseparable. Understand English cultural knowledge, which will help pay the occasion smooth and effective manner. Conversely, a lack of understanding of cultural background knowledge of English is bound to lead to communication barriers, conflict and misunderstanding They are what we call "Pragmatic Errors (Pragmatic Failure). With the opening of China gradually deepening level of the Western society and more and more things into our vision, in this case, cross-domain, multi-ethnic, multi-cultural economic and social exchanges will be increasing, This provides us with many Westerners contacts and exchanges, This deepened our understanding of Western society is a good thing, but this is not a simple matter. because we have to deal with is from unfamiliar cultures and countries, and ways of thinking living habits and behavior with our very different, In exchanges with the process there will be the inevitable clash of cultures phenomenon. These serious impact on the smooth exchanges, We therefore it is necessary to understand the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. and to take certain measures to foster cross-cultural communication, avoid cultural clashes.
4. In this paper, are not talking about the grammatical structure as a result of wrong words do not convey the idea that it refers to the way words wrong, or not in the habit of expression, or rather outdated. Speaker Britain and the United States were not in accordance with the habit of conversation caused by mistakes This paper tries to talk about the day-to-day communication of misunderstanding.
5. Chinese people more familiar with each other to meet the greetings, generally use the following terms : "Which? , "" Eat? "If these greetings to the direct English translation (ie : Where are you going? Have you eaten yet? "). Britain and the United States may be confusion, perplexity and may sometimes lead to misunderstanding. Han did not understand the culture and customs of foreigners and do not think it is a communicative role with regards to the language, than if : asked the caller : "Have you eatenyet?" The other side may think this is not a simple greetings to the meeting, and the common misconception that you may be issued to him / (her) invitation. Again, "Where are you going?" Are likely to cause each other's frustration. Therefore, he / (she) interviewed for this reaction is very likely : "It 'snone of your business. (you intervene? "). Britain and the United States regards the general "Good morning/aftern oon/evening ( Good morning, good afternoon. Good evening), "" How do you do? (Hello) "," Nice to meet you.! (see that you are very happy), "" How are you doing (as you alright? ). In intimate relationships between available "Hello" or "Hi"
6. In Britain and the United States. People call each other and our habits vary widely. Some people call in to see contrary to reason, impolite, no education. For example : children not to grandparents as grandpa and grandma, but by their names. it is unseemly and cordial, the young people said the elderly, in their name preceded by Mr., Mrs. or Miss. For example : Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith, Miss Alice, and so on. In Chinese, we can use "teachers, secretaries, managers, engineers, director of the words" with the name calling even for language, and in English did not, We can not say "teacher Zhan g (Living) "engineer Wu (Wu engineers). The correct statement is in the Anglo-American people accustomed to Mr, Mrs, Miss and surname () is used in conjunction with the respect or courtesy.