英语句子中的主语

1. 名词作主语  直到河里的鱼死了,村民们才意识到污染的危害。The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died. S+V+O. 主系表结构 :S+V 倒装:Not until the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 注意:倒装在主句,从句不倒装 did 和not 提前,只剩动词原形 强调:It was not until the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was. 如果强调的是主语或宾语且指人用who,其他一律用that。是that,而非其他/主句的顺序((倒装不强调,强调就不倒装)) 2.代词作主语  人称代词(主格),名词性代词,指示代词,不定代词,such(----样的人、物),it(时间,天气,距离等) at midnight /in the(泛指)middle of the night It is 9 o'clock when I went home. It was ten when I got home.一般句 It was at ten that I got home.强调句 I got home at ten.原形 3.数词作主语  Ten out of 100 Americans are over /above /more than 65. 4.动名词作主语  一般 / 完成时 v-ing: 主动/doing/having done not doing:被动/being done/having done 注意:doing 无时间限定/与谓语同时出现/在谓语动词后发生having done发生在谓语之前 He still remembers being prized. 当逻辑主语为无生命的东西时 a.作主语时,通常表示一般性的无时间性的东西。而不定式表示某一种具体的动作。 Smoking is hobbit difficult to break. b.主语和表语一致 Seeing is believing. c.逻辑主语必须是所有格形式 Smoking kills. d. it 作形式主语:It is no use/good…  The old man's taking pity on the snake leads to his death.那个老头怜悯那条蛇,导致他的死亡。 5.不定式作主语  To + 动词原形 Not to do 解释:具有动词的性质,作宾语,状语/具有名词的性质,作主语/具有形容词性质,作定语/具有副词的性质,作状语。除谓语不可作之外,其他都可。 一般式:to do 进行时:to be doing 完成时:to have done 完成进行时:to have been doing to do:表示动作发生在谓语之后,I want to go home.与谓语动词几乎同时发生 to be doing :表示与谓语动词同时发生 to have done:发生在谓语动词之前 Someone was considered to have done something. to have been doing :动作从过去开始一直持续到谓语动词这个动作的发生 不定式表示一种确定的动作 To do morning exercises this morning is not good for your healthy. 注释:作主语在句首/it作主语构成(常用 v-ing,不常用只有 use,good) It is +adj. +of sb.(人的属性)/for sb.(物的属性)to do It is necessary to finish the design before National day. Tomorrow is National day. it is +n.+for/of sb. to do It is not good manners for Arabs to stand close talking to their friends. It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party. 在感叹句中必须用it作形式主语:What a joy/ pleasure (it is) to read the book. 在问句中必须用形式主语:Is it possible to go to the moon by spaceship? 6.名词化的形容词或过去分词  the poor / the disabled /the sick 7.名词化的介词短语  From my home to school is three kilometers. 副词----不定式或动名词 What an excitement to find a shark when you’re swimming in the sea. 8.句子作主语(从句一律为陈述句)  1)that引导的从句,无意义,不担当句子成分,不省略 A. It +v+ that从句 It +系动词+表语+that 从句 It is strange that he didn't come here yesterday. 当形容词为important necessary strange /that should +动词原形 It is strange that he should (表示吃惊)pass the exam. 2. It is +n +that 从句 What a pity it is that you didn't come to this party. 当名词为a pity/a shame /a surprise +should +v原形(表示竟然) What a pity that she should be fail in exam. 3. It is +过去分词+that 从句 It is report that a car accident happened there. 从句s +be v-ed + inf. He is said to be studying in the USA. 有人建议suggest/order/request + 从句 should +动词原形 4. It +动词原形seem/appear /turn out/+that It seems that it will rain. 5. It strikes sb. that 从句 ,某人突然想 It occurs to sb. that----- B.为强调从句意义,that从句常放在句首 That he will come here is of great help. That you failed the exam will --What made his father so angry? --That he failed the exam. 或He fails the exam. c.在问句中必须有形式主语 It is true that Bush will visit China again? 2) Whether /if是否不担当句子成分,也不省略 A.句首只用whether Whether he will come to the meeting is unknown yet. B.句末形式主语都可用 It ----whether/if It is of no/little important whether/if it will rain today. c.在有些句型中,从句不在前 It doesn't matter whether ---- It doesn't matter whether it is new/it will rain tomorrow. 3) 连接代词 who /whom/whose/what/which/担当从句成分,有意义,不省略 A. what +sb. + clause What we will do next is not decided. B. what+修饰词 意为什么样的…… What color you like is none of my business. C. what ……人,……事,……物 What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. 注意:what前是否有先行词/与that 之间的区别 That he said it at the meeting surprised everyone present. What 与which 的区别 Which/what you want---若给定范围用which,没有用what。 What ---be that---强调句的一种(强调后者) What I need most is that someone helps me. There be +what clause There was we call People's Republic of China in Chinese history. What +比较级 what more /what worse what引导从句作状语修饰全句的内容。在句首或句中,很少在句尾 Which +n (single) Whose +n(只用此) Whose father is a doctor is no sense. It从句作形式主语(what……人或物时,不用it) 4)连接副词 when/whose/how/why 担当句子成分,有意义,不省略 How the accident happened puzzled everyone.句尾用形式主语it 5) 引导主语从句 whoever/whosever/whatever/whichever/Anywhere/anything that /everyone that/whoever=anyone whom/anything that (泛指)/anything what (特指) Whoever 指人从意义判断 Who 指事 Since the introduction of reform, China has made earth shaking changes.自从改革以来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。