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“船上交货（……指定装运港）”是当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷，卖方即完成交货。这意味着买方必须从该点起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。

"FOB (…… named port of shipment)" is when the goods specified in the port of shipment across the ship's rail, the seller to complete the delivery. This means that the buyer must rest squarely from the point of goods from the loss of or damage to all the risks. FOB term requires the seller of goods for export clearance.

“成本、保险费加运费”是指在装运港当货物越过船舷时卖方即完成交货。

"Cost, insurance and freight" refers to the port of shipment when the goods across the ship's rail at the seller's delivery is completed.

卖方必须支付将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费和费用，但交货后货物灭失或损坏的风险及由于各种事件造成的任何额外费用即由卖方转移到买方。但是，在CIF条件下，卖方还必须办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。

The seller must pay for the goods to the designated port of destination for freight and fees, but after the delivery of goods lost or damaged due to various risks and the incident caused any additional cost that is transferred from the seller to the buyer. However, in the CIF conditions, the seller must also handle the buyer of goods in transit loss of or damage to the marine insurance risks.

因此，由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。买方应注意到，CIF术语只要求卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。如买方需要更高的保险险别，则需要与卖方明确地达成协议，或者自行作出额外的保险安排。

Therefore, insurance contracts entered into by the seller and pay insurance premiums. The buyer should be noted that, CIF term requires the seller to insure only the minimum risk of other insurance. If the buyer needs a higher risk of other insurance, you need to clear to reach an agreement with the seller, or to make their own arrangements for additional insurance.

为了使买卖双方都处于同等地位，人们发明了信用证支付方式，由银行出面担保，只要卖方按合同规定交货，就可拿到货款,而买方又无须在卖方履行合同规定的交货义务前支付货款。

To enable buyers and sellers are in the same position, people invented a letter of credit, secured by the banks come forward, as long as the seller delivered under the contract, we can get the purchase price and the buyer and seller do not have to perform under the contract in the pre-delivery payment obligations The purchase price.

信用证是有条件的银行担保，是银行（开证行）应买方（申请人）的要求和指示保证立即或将来某一时间内付给卖方（受益人）一笔款项。卖方（受益人）得到这笔钱的条件是向银行（议付行）提交信用证中规定的单据。

Letters of credit is conditional bank guarantee that banks (issuing firms) should be the buyer (the applicant) the requirements and instructions to guarantee a certain time or in the future to pay the seller (the beneficiary) a sum of money. The seller (beneficiaries) receive the money on condition that the bank (negotiating bank) to the letter of credit provided for in the document.

例如：商业、运输、保险、政府和其他用途的单据。

For example: commercial, transport, insurance, government documents and other purposes.

Unless your products are highly technical, unique or modified at your customer's request, eliminate as many domestic costs as you can from your export ex factory (works) price and then add on your estimated costs to export and your profit margin.

除非您的产品是技术含量高，具有独特性或修改您的客户的要求，消除许多国内费用，您可以从您的出口工厂交货（工务）价格，然后添加在您的成本，估计出口和您的利润。

One of the most common mistakes made in export pricing is the inclusion of domestic costs that do not apply to the foreign buyer. A prime example of inflated export pricing is the inclusion of domestic sales and marketing costs for advertising, promotion, commissions, company vehicles, expense accounts, etc.

其中最常见的错误所作的出口价格是列入国内的成本并不一定适用于外国买方。一个主要的例子，夸大出口定价是列入国内销售和营销成本，广告，促销，佣金，公司的车辆，费用帐目等。

If you were the foreign buyer, would you want to pay the seller a second time for costs that have nothing to do with your transaction, or doing business in your country?

如果你被外国买家，你会想卖方支付，第二次为成本无关，在贵国与您的交易，或经商？

Once you have eliminated as many domestic costs as you can from your standard ex factory (works) price, then add on estimated costs for product modifications, special packaging, export administration, international market research, foreign travel, training, etc.

一旦你已经消除，作为国内外许多成本，您可以从您的标准工厂交货（工务）价格，然后添加就估计费用为产品的修改，特别包装，出口管理，国际市场的研究，国外旅游，培训，等等。

Remember that your standard export ex factory (works) price will be increased by your customer’s costs for transport, insurance, import duties, and a mark-up percentage for their cost of doing business and their profit margin.

请记住，您的标准，出口工厂交货（工务）的价格将增加客户的成本，运输，保险，进口关税，和马克行动的百分比为他们营商的成本和他们的利润率。